Which is one instance where a court may take judicial notice of foreign law?

• A. Evidently familiar with the foreign law.
• B. When the foreign law refers to the law of nations.
• C. When it refers to a published treatise by an expert.
• D. When the foreign law is cited by a party's attorney without recognition.

Answer: (A)

Courts may take judicial notice of foreign law when the court is evidently familiar with that law. If the judge already knows the foreign legal rule from experience or common sources, there is no need to prove it with testimony or documentary evidence, so the law can be treated as established for purposes of the case. The other options describe sources or circumstances that do not justify judicial notice: a reference to the law of nations or to a treatise would require evidence or argument about what the foreign law actually says, and a mere citation by a party’s attorney without formal recognition does not suffice to establish notice.